NHKニュースで学ぶ現代英語 2024年7月勉強分①
プリツカー賞授賞式に山本理顕さん
< 見出し>YAMAMOTO RIKEN RECEIVES PRITZKER ARCHITECTURE PRIZE
Japanese architect Yamamoto Riken received the Pritzker Architecture Prize at a ceremony in Chicago on Saturday.
The award is known as the Nobel Prize for architects.
Yamamoto said he’s very happy and proud to be a “member of the Pritzker family.”
Yamamoto’s buildings include the Yokosuka Museum of Art in Kanagawa Prefecture, south of Tokyo, and “The Circle” complex in Zurich.
・complex：複合施設
Yamamoto uses glass for the outer walls to make the interiors visible and incorporate open space.
・incorporate：取り入れる、組み込む、法人組織にする、法人化する
The foundation that sponsors the award said his buildings attract people and increase opportunities for them to meet spontaneously.
・spontaneously：自然に、自発的に
Yamamoto said he was almost moved to tears by the recognition of his designs.
・move：（人の心を）動かす、（人を）感動させる
・(be) moved to tears by ～：～に感動して涙が出る
※ここではalmostが入っているので、実際には涙は流していないが寸前のところまで感動した、もう少しで涙が出るくらい感動したということ。
“I am very happy my work is so highly evaluated.”
・evaluate：評価する
He added that he wants to continue designing buildings and the environments surrounding them.
【 豆知識：略語のAKA 】
AKA / aka / a.k.a. = also known as ～「～としても知られている」
※発音は「エイ・ケイ・エイ」
茨城 “嫁入り舟”に祝福
< 見出し>OLD-FASHIONED RIVERSIDE WEDDINGS REVIVED NEAR TOKYO
・revive：復活させる、よみがえらせる
Visitors to a riverside garden near Tokyo enjoyed an old-fashioned wedding ceremony procession on a boat amid irises in full bloom.
・procession：行列、（式典などで人や車両が整然と進む）行進
・in full bloom / in bloom：満開の
※（花を主語にして）come into bloom：咲く 例) Some cherry trees came into bloom last week.「一部の桜が先週開花した」
The Suigo Itako Iris Festival is being held in Itako City in Ibaraki Prefecture.
The revived tradition has become a highlight of the annual festival.
On Saturday, a boat carrying a bride set out as visitors watching from the riverside applauded.
The area is surrounded by lakes and rivers where boats were once used as a daily form of transportation.
・form of transportation：輸送形態（形式）、交通手段
Until the 1960s, brides in white wedding kimonos could be seen in rowboats heading to meet their bridegrooms.
“The ceremony was so beautiful. I was moved to tears.”
“It was a valuable experience that so many people congratulated us. It was a very happy day.”
中国 最先端技術兵器の演習を公開
< 見出し>CHINA SHOWS MILITARY DRILL FEATURING ROBOT DOGS, AI DRONES
・drill：〔兵士などを〕訓練する、鍛え上げる
※fire drill：火災避難訓練
China has shown off military weapons that look like they’ve been pulled out of an episode of “Black Mirror”: robot dogs and drones equipped with artificial intelligence.
China Central Television reported on the joint drill with Cambodia that has been underway in the Southeast Asian country since May 16.
・joint drill：合同演習
・(be) underway:（活動などが）進行中
CCTV says the remote-controlled robot dog can walk, jump, lie down, and send real-time reconnaissance footage.
・reconnaissance：（軍事）偵察 [rikɑ́nəsəns]
※reconnaissance plane (aircraft)：偵察機、スパイ機、reconnaissance satellite:偵察衛星、スパイ衛星
・footage：録画された）映像
※映画などのフィルムの「フィート数、長さ」に由来する表現 security footage：監視カメラの映像
A larger one, weighing 50 kilograms, can fire a rifle mounted on its back.
・fire：発射する、撃つ、発砲する
The U.S. military has also been deploying robot dogs and AI-capable drones in exercises.
・deploy：（軍隊を）配置する、展開させる、（兵器を）配備する
・～ capable：～の性能がある、～を搭載した
※be capable to ～：～する能力がある
Concerns are growing in the international community about lethal autonomous weapons that can select and attack targets without human intervention.
・lethal：致死性の、殺傷能力のある
・autonomous：自律的な [ɔtɑ́nəməs]
・lethal autonomous weapons：自律型致死兵器（lethal autonomous weapons systemsの頭文字を取ってLAWS（ローズ））
※ＡＩを使って兵器が人間の関与なしに攻撃目標の選定や攻撃方法を判断して人命に関わる攻撃まで行う兵器などを指す。
・intervention：介入、干渉
Discussions on restricting these weapons are continuing.
メキシコに初の女性大統領
< 見出し>MEXICANS ELECT FIRST WOMAN PRESIDENT
Voters in Mexico have broken with the past.
・break with ～：捨てる、決別する、縁を切る
※break with the past：過去と決別する、過去のしがらみを断つ
They’ve elected Claudia Sheinbaum as their first woman president in their 200-year history.
“I didn’t get here on my own. We all got here together: our female heroes who created the nation, our female ancestors, our mothers, our daughters, and our granddaughters.”
Sheinbaum is also the first Jewish person to be elected leader in a country that’s overwhelmingly Catholic.
・overwhelmingly：圧倒的に
She served as mayor of Mexico City.
Sheinbaum has promised to carry on with the social welfare and security policies of the incumbent president, her mentor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador.
・carry on (with…)：（活動などを）続ける、～を継続して行う
・social welfare：社会保障、社会福祉
・incumbent：現職の [inkʌ́mbənt]
Sheinbaum will inherit challenges that have plagued Mexican leaders for generations.
・inherit：受け継ぐ
・plague：悩ませる、苦しめる
She’ll have to address widespread poverty and rampant violence among drug cartels.
・rampant：横行する、はびこる、まん延する [rǽmpənt]
・drug cartel：麻薬組織
Local media outlets report that during the campaign more than 30 candidates were murdered.
“晴海フラッグ” 2割近く賃貸や転売に
< 見出し>20% OF TOKYO ATHLETES VILLAGE CONDOS UP FOR RENT, RESALE
Officials in Tokyo had big plans for the athletes’ village built for the 2020 Olympics.
They wanted to convert the village after the Games into affordable housing.
・convert A into B：ＡをＢに転換する
※ある物を別の物や状態へと変化させること。
But an NHK investigation has found corporations have bought up some of the units, putting them beyond reach for families.
・buy up：買い占める、全て買う
※upを加えることで、「できるだけ多くを、最後まで、全て」というニュアンスが加わる。
・put ～ beyond reach：「～を手の届かないところに置く」→ 「住戸が購入できない価格まで高騰することや抽選倍率が上がったことで手に入らなくなる」
NHK looked into register records of the waterfront housing district called Harumi Flag.
・register record：（ここでは)（不動産）登記簿
※ほかにregister bookやregistryなどで「登記簿」を表すこともできる。「戸籍」ならfamily registerやfamily registryなどで表せる。
It found companies bought nearly 500 of the some 2,700 units for investment and other purposes.
Resale units were offered at one-and-a-half to two times the original price.
One priced at about 700,000 dollars was purchased for more than double that figure.
An expert says precious land set aside for Tokyoites has been used to make money.
・Tokyoite：東京都民、東京人 ※豆知識参照
“It’s a serious problem the residential towers are too pricey for ordinary people who want to live there.”
・pricey：高価な、値段が高い
※pricyと表記することもある。＝expensive、costly
・ordinary people：普通の人々、一般人
【 豆知識：様々な「～人」 】
ある都市に暮らす人の表現
・Tokyoite：東京都民、東京人 [tóukioàit]
・New Yorker：ニューヨーク人
・Muscovite：モスクワ人 [mʌ́skəvàit]
・Londoner：ロンドン人
・Osakan：大阪人
など
法則性に欠けるため、より一般的にTokyo residents、Tokyo citizens、people in Tokyoなどとする場合も多くある。