NHKニュースで学ぶ現代英語 2024年9月勉強分①
“仕事より余暇を優先” 過去最高65%に
< 見出し>SURVEY POINTS TO SHIFTING VIEWS ABOUT WORK AND PLAY
“All work and no play makes Japan a dull place.”
・日本語の「よく学びよく遊べ」に相当することわざ “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." をもじったもの。
Now, hang on — or so suggests a new survey.
Nearly two-thirds of respondents value their free time more than their jobs.
The figure is a record high.
The non-profit Japan Productivity Center conducted the annual poll on about 3,300 people.
・non-profit：非営利の
・conduct：実施する
More than a third say they find purpose in leisure rather than their job.
・a third：後ろの “of the respondents" が省略されている。
・find purpose in ～：～に目的・意義を見いだす
And over 30 percent say they try to wrap up their work in good time to have fun elsewhere.
・in good time：早めに、十分に余裕を持って、時間どおりに、順調に
Only about 12 percent place more value on work than leisure.
・place value on ～：～に重きを置く、～を重視する、～に価値を見いだす
Comparable data started in 2009. And the latest results point to a growing awareness about work-life balance.
・point to ～：～を示す、指摘する、提示する、挙げる
・growing awareness：高まる意識、認識
One official involved in the poll says the coronavirus pandemic and rise in remote working probably saw people reassess how they want to live.
・rise in ～：～の増加
・reassess：見直す
The survey also asked people how they spend their free time. Almost half say they travel in Japan.
バングラデシュ 暫定政権が発足
< 見出し>YUNUS SWORN IN AS LEADER OF BANGLADESH INTERIM GOVERNMENT
・interim：中間の、一時的な、暫定の
・interim government：暫定政府、暫定政権
Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus has been sworn in as the head of the interim government of Bangladesh after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned following weeks of massive protests.
・laureate：受賞者、名誉を受けた人 [lɔ́riit]
※laurel「月桂樹」に由来する単語
・swear in：宣誓就任させる
・be sworn in：宣誓就任する
・protest：(名)抗議（行動）、抗議デモ
※protestは、名詞としては第１音節を、動詞としては第２音節を強く発音する（アメリカ英語では動詞の場合にも第１音節を強く発音することがある）。
Yunus was named chief adviser of the interim government at a ceremony in the capital, Dhaka, on Thursday.
・name：指名する、任命する
He returned to the country from France earlier in the day.
The interim government is scheduled to preside over an election.
・preside over ～：～の議長を務める、～を主宰する、取りしきる
He told reporters he would prioritize the restoration of law and order, saying violence and disorder are the biggest enemies of progress.
・restoration：取り戻すこと、復元、回復
Yunus is the founder of Grameen Bank, which extends small unsecured loans to underprivileged people.
・unsecured：無担保の
・underprivileged：（経済的にも社会的にも）恵まれない、貧困の
He and the bank won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
Hasina resigned on Monday, after a police crackdown on student-led protests over civil service job quotas left scores of people dead or wounded.
・crackdown：弾圧、取り締まり
・civil service：（集合的に）行政職員、公務員、公務員の業務
・quota：割り当て、定員
・scores of ～：多数の～
渋谷の中心地で盆踊り大会
< 見出し>PEOPLE GATHER AT SHIBUYA CROSSING FOR DANCE FESTIVAL
One last story before we go.
People from both near and far gathered in a Tokyo street on Saturday to enjoy a summer dance festival.
・from both near and far：「近い所と遠い所の両方から」→「近くからも遠くからも」
A stage was set up and auto traffic was restricted around the Shibuya district’s iconic “scramble crossing.”
・auto traffic：車両の通行
People in summer kimono known as yukata danced to traditional Japanese music.
・dance to ～：～に合わせて踊る
Local shop owners started the event in 2017 to bring together residents and visitors.
・bring togetherは「（人々を）呼び集める、親しくさせる、団結させる」
“It’s amazing to see these people, even foreigners, dancing and getting used to the Japanese culture. So, I’m very happy to be a part of it.”
・get used to ～：～に慣れ親しむ
“Many foreigners are coming to Shibuya nowadays. I think this festival is a good way to let them experience some Japanese culture.”
英 偽情報に端を発した暴動が拡大
< 見出し>ANTI-IMMIGRANT RIOTS IN UK LEAD TO AROUND 380 ARRESTS
Some 380 people have been arrested in the past week as violent anti-immigrant protests spread across Britain.
・some：（区切りのいい数字とともに）約、およそ、大体 ※豆知識参照
The unrest was triggered by a knife attack that killed three children and injured 10 others in Southport, England, last week.
・unrest：（政治的、社会的な）混乱、騒動、不安
On Sunday, far-right protesters in Rotherham, also in England, tried to break into a hotel housing asylum-seekers.
・house：(動)宿泊させる、収容する
※動詞としては、「ハウズ」のように末尾を/z/と発音する。
・asylum：（政治犯の）ひご、保護、亡命
・asylum-seeker：亡命希望者
At least 12 police officers were injured after bricks and other objects were thrown at them.
The unrest began last Tuesday, after misinformation about the suspect’s background was shared online.
・misinformation：誤報、誤情報、偽の情報 ※豆知識参照
False claims the teenager was a Muslim immigrant who arrived in the UK illegally sparked anti-immigrant violence.
・claim：（客観的裏付けや根拠を伴わない一方的な）主張、断言
※日本語の「苦情」という意味とは異なる。
Protests have spread across the country, with demonstrators vandalizing mosques and other buildings.
・vandalize：（公共物・芸術作品などを意図的にまたは無知から）破壊する、損壊する
※cf. vandal：そういう行為を行う人（５世紀にローマを荒らした東ゲルマン系の民族、the Vandals「バンダル」が語源と言われている）
Prime Minister Keir Starmer has denounced the violence.
・denounce：（公然と）批判する、非難する、糾弾する
“The full force of the law will be visited on all those who are identified as having taken part in these activities.”
・ force of the law：法の効力
【 豆知識：someの別の意味 】
区切りのいい数字とともに用いると「約、およそ、大体」
例) Some 500 houses were built. 「およそ５００軒の家屋が建てられた」
半端な数の前に付けること、その場合は数の多さを強調する働き
例) The conference was attended by some 429 scientists. 「その会議には４２９人もの科学者が参加した」
【 豆知識：偽・誤・不正確な情報の表現 】
・misinformation：誤報、誤情報、偽の情報など、「事実と異なる全ての誤報」や「情報の受け手を欺く意図のない誤情報」
・disinformation：「人を欺く意図をもって故意に広める偽の情報」
・false information / inaccurate information：正確ではない情報
高校野球 7イニング制を検討
< 見出し>JAPAN HEATWAVE FORCES RETHINK OF HIGH SCHOOL BASEBALL RULES
An intense heatwave in Japan is forcing the country’s high school baseball federation to rethink the rules of the game to protect the players.
On Friday, the group decided to start discussions on changing the length of games from nine innings to seven.
An annual high school baseball tournament is set to begin Wednesday at Koshien Stadium in western Japan’s Hyogo Prefecture.
Temperatures in the region rose to nearly 40 degrees Celsius, and weather officials warn it’s likely to last at least another month.
The federation has also decided that on some days the games will only be played in the mornings and evenings to counter peak temperatures.
・counter :対抗する