NHKニュースで学ぶ現代英語 2024年11月勉強分①

アマゾン 週5日出社を要請

< 見出し>AMAZON REQUIRING STAFF TO WORK AT OFFICE 5 DAYS A WEEK

U.S. tech giant Amazon says starting January, it is requiring its employees around the world to return to working at the office five days a week.


CEO Andy Jassy sent a message to staff on Monday, announcing, “We’ve decided that we’re going to return to being in the office the way we were before the onset of COVID.”

・the onset of ~:~の開始、始まり
 ※特に望ましくないことについて使われる。

He explained the move was “to deliver the absolute best for customers and the business.”


The decision reflects the company’s view employees learn from each other and teams connect better working at the office compared to remotely.


But the company is expected to face some resistance, as some people have been working under the assumption they will be able to work remotely to some extent.

・assumption:仮定、前提、想定
extent:程度、範囲、規模
・to some extent:ある程度

Amazon employees worked remotely during the pandemic.


The company reviewed the practice last year and has since asked employees to work at the office three days a week.

practice:慣行

Other big tech companies, including Google and Meta, are reportedly asking employees to work at the office two or three days a week.



郵便料金 30年ぶり値上げ

< 見出し>JAPAN POST HIKES RATES FOR FIRST TIME IN 30 YEARS
hike:(料金や給料などの)引き上げ
 ※cf. wage hike:賃上げ、tax hike:増税

Japan Post raised postal rates starting on October 1 for the first time in 30 years.

It cited a drop in postal service users as one reason behind the hikes.

Another is rising logistics costs.

The cost of postcards rose to 85 yen, or about 60 cents.

Postage for standard-size items weighing 50 grams or less went up to 110 yen.

Rates for sending documents were also hiked – Letter Pack Light envelopes went up to 430 yen, and Letter Pack Plus rose to 600 yen, or about 4 dollars.

The firm expects to restore profitability in its postal business in fiscal 2025, but it foresees an operating loss again in fiscal 2026.
restore:取り戻す、回復する(させる)
・profitability:収益性
foresee:(将来の出来事を)予見する、見通す、予想する

The question now is how Japan Post can make its postal business more efficient while maintaining low rates for mail services throughout the country.

・ the question is ~:問題(課題)は〜である



【 豆知識:料金や価格を表す語彙の違い 】
rate:一定の基準あたりの「料金」
例)
 ・postage rates:郵便料金(一般的に料金は複数あるので、複数形で用いるのが通例)
 ・hourly rate:1時間あたりの料金、時給
 ・hotel rate:ホテル料金
 ・utility rate:公共料金

price:品物やサービスの「値段、価格」
fee, charge:サービスや労働などに対する「料金」
fare:乗り物の「料金、運賃」

例)
 ・train fare:電車賃

南アフリカでアニメやゲームの見本市

< 見出し>AFRICA’S BIGGEST POP CULTURE FESTIVAL BEGINS

Anime fans, gamers, and cosplayers are gathering for Africa’s biggest pop culture festival.

Media companies are aiming to expand their opportunities in the region.

The festival opened Thursday in South Africa’s largest city, Johannesburg.
・Johannesburg:[dʒouhǽnəsbə̀ːrg]

About 350 companies are taking part, including streaming giants and anime merchandisers.

At this stand, people can try the marble challenge featured in the South Korean series “Squid Game.”
・stand:屋台、売店、スタンド(ここではブースのこと)

Other booths are showcasing Japanese manga comics and anime model kits.
・model kit:組み立て式の模型、プラモデル、模型キット

“I like ‘One Piece’ because it’s all about adventure. I’d really love to watch more Japanese animes.”
it’s all about ~:それは全て~について焦点を当てている、~が詰まっている、~に尽きる、要するに~だ
・I’d (really) love to:豆知識参照

“Africa has a lot of potential for Japanese companies that are eyeing new markets. So I think there are a lot of chances here for them.”
・eye:目を向ける、注視する

That’s because the region’s growing population is increasingly consuming online media, including anime and video games.



【 豆知識:"like/love to" にwouldが入るニュアンス 】
ニュース文
“I like ‘One Piece’ because it’s all about adventure. I’d really love to watch more Japanese animes.”
で、wouldの有無でニュアンスがどう変わるのかなと思い、chatGPTに尋ねた。

「would」が入ることで意味が変わる理由は、英語における「would」の役割にあります。
「would」は、丁寧さや仮定、未来への希望を表す助動詞です。そのため、これが入ることで、現在の事実ではなく、「仮定的」や「未来志向的」な意味が付加されます。

「would」の役割
丁寧さ:
「I would love to」は、直接的に「I love to」と言うよりも控えめで丁寧な表現です。これにより、相手への配慮や礼儀を示すことができます。
仮定・未来への希望:
「would」は仮定の話や未来の希望を表現するときにも使われます。「I would love to」は、「もし機会があれば」「ぜひ~したい」という、まだ実現していない未来のことや願望を示します。
例: 「I would go if I had time.」(時間があれば行くのですが)という文も、仮定を示すために「would」が使われています。


「I love to」と「I would love to」の違い
「I love to」は、現在の事実や普段の習慣を述べるシンプルな表現です。
「I would love to」は、「これからしたい」「ぜひ~してみたい」という控えめな願望や希望を表現します。「would」が入ることで、未来の行動やまだ実現していない願望を示す丁寧な形になります。

※関連の話 2024年11月のNHK語学講座


教員の不足人数 年度途中で1.3倍に

< 見出し>TEACHER SHORTAGE IN JAPAN GETTING MORE SERIOUS

A shortage of schoolteachers in Japan has become increasingly serious since the beginning of the school year in April.


NHK surveyed education boards nationwide and received data from 43 of 68 prefectures and designated cities.

・designated city:(政令)指定都市

They reported a total staffing shortage of about 1,800 teachers in May, which increased 30 percent to nearly 2,400 by September.

・increase (by) X to ~:X(の分量だけ)増えて~になる

That is about 600 vacant teaching positions in just four months.


Local governments report that they have difficulty finding enough substitute teachers, especially at elementary and middle schools, with a shortage increase of 40 percent.


Officials say an increasing number of teachers took sick leave due to illness, as well as maternity and childcare leave.

childcare leave:育休

Some municipal officials noted that vice principals and other administrative staff are trying to fill the void by taking on teaching duties themselves.

・void:穴
・fill the void:(その)穴を埋める、穴埋めする
・take on ~:(仕事や責任など)を引き受ける、~を請け負う

Others point out that fewer people want to sign up for part-time teaching jobs.



日本政府 ウクライナに教科書を供与

< 見出し>JAPAN DONATES 1 MILLION TEXTBOOKS TO UKRAINIAN SCHOOLS

Japan has provided Ukraine with more than a million textbooks to support the country’s education sector amid the ongoing conflict with Russia.

・provide A with B:AにBを提供する

A handover ceremony took place on Thursday at a school in Irpin near the capital, Kyiv.


It was attended by Ukrainian and Japanese government officials.


The textbooks are on Ukrainian and foreign literature.

・on:~について、~に関する ※豆知識参照

They will be distributed to fifth graders at about 10,000 schools across the country.

distribute:分配する、配布する

The Japanese government responded to a request from Ukraine for textbooks.


“I want to help rebuild Ukraine and make it better and also work at an international company in the future. I also want to visit Japan one day.”


An air raid warning on the same day forced the school’s students to evacuate to a shelter temporarily.

raid:急襲、奇襲
・air raid:空襲

Analysts say securing a safe education environment for students in Ukraine remains a challenge as the war continues.

secure:確保する


【 豆知識:「~について」の “on" と “about" の違い 】
ニュース文
“The textbooks are on Ukrainian and foreign literature."
での「~について」に関し、aboutとの違いは何だろうと思ったが、番組内で言及がなかったのでchatGPTに質問した。

この文で「on」が使われている理由は、「on」が「について」の意味で使われる場合、特定のトピックや学問分野に焦点を当てていることをより直接的に示すからです。「about」を使う場合よりも、学術的なトピックや正式な内容に対してよく使われる傾向があります。
例えば:
「The textbooks are on Ukrainian and foreign literature.」
「on」は、教科書が「ウクライナ文学と外国文学」という具体的な学術分野を直接扱っていることを強調しています。この場合、教科書がその分野に関連する深い内容を網羅していることが含意されることが多いです。
「The textbooks are about Ukrainian and foreign literature.」
「about」を使うと、テーマや内容がそのトピックに関係していることは伝わりますが、厳密にそのトピックを扱っているというニュアンスはやや弱まります。例えば、「about」は入門的な概略や一般的な話題としてそのトピックに触れるニュアンスが含まれることが多いです。