NHKニュースで学ぶ現代英語 2025年10月勉強分①

2025-10-05

ドイツ 徴兵制復活を模索

< 見出し>GERMAN CABINET OPENS DOOR TO CONSCRIPTION
・conscription：徴兵制

The German cabinet has approved a bill that could bring in conscription if the country needs more troops.
・bring in ～：（制度や法律などを新たに）導入する、施行する

Leaders say they want to boost defenses in light of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
・in (the) light of ～：～に照らして、～を踏まえて

Germany ended compulsory military service in 2011.
・compulsory：義務としての、義務的な
　※cf. compulsory education：義務教育

Starting next January, men and women will receive a questionnaire on their 18th birthday asking if they’re willing to serve.

Then, from July 2027, all 18-year-old men will have to undergo a physical examination.
・undergo：（検査や治療など）を受ける
・physical examination：身体検査

The bill allows for conscription if there are not enough volunteers.
・allow for ～：～を許す、可能にする

The cabinet wants about 80,000 more troops.
・80,000 more troops：このmoreは「今ある数量にさらに加えて」 　※GPT欄参照
　※この文の場合「現状よりも８万人多い兵士」→「現状の兵士数から8万人増員」

“I would do it because I think we have to give something back to our country.”
・give something back to ～：～に何かを返す、～に恩返しをする
　※例) She gave the book back to me.「彼女は本を返してくれた」 、The treatment gave him back his strength.「その治療は彼の体力を回復させた」

“I would rather focus on other things. Right now, I’m more interested in my career and sports. I think that’s more important to me.”

The cabinet aims to have the bill approved by parliament by the end of the year.
・have A 過去分詞：Aを／に～してもらう、～させる
　※使役動詞。GPT欄参照

“日本製”眼鏡の表示基準 明確化へ

< 見出し>MADE IN JAPAN? EYEGLASS FRAME MAKERS WANT CLEARER STANDARDS

A group of eyeglass frame makers wants to set standards for eyewear to be labeled as “made in Japan.”
・eyewear：眼鏡類

It says an increasing number of frames are being sold overseas as Japanese products when they were not fully made in the country.

The Fukui Optical Association, based in Sabae City of Fukui Prefecture, supplies about 90 percent of the frames sold domestically.
・optical：視力の、視覚の
・domestically：国内で、国内的に

The group says an increasing number of eyeglasses go through around 80 percent of their production abroad, but are finished in Fukui and then labeled as Japan-made.
・go through：（段階などを）経る
　※「go through」の様々な使われ方について「王谷晶さんに日本人初の英ダガー賞」のGPT欄「「go through」の別の使われ方」参照
・production abroad：海外生産　※このabroadについてGPT欄参照

The head of the association says this trend will erode the value of the “made in Japan” brand.
・erode ～：～を浸食する、損なう、むしばむ

The association is clarifying requirements for the “made in Japan” label, including what parts need to be made in the country.
・clarify：明確にする、明らかにする

The group has about 220 member businesses and wants them to agree to the standards.

It may also register an international trademark designating the production area.
・trademark：商標
・designate ～：～を指定する

映画「鬼滅の刃」北米でも公開

< 見出し>NEW 'DEMON SLAYER’ RELEASE SETS RECORD FOR ANIME MOVIES
・set a record for ～：（最高・最大・最短など）～の記録を達成する、打ち立てる

A movie based on the Japanese manga series “Demon Slayer” has set a new opening weekend box-office record for an anime film in North America.
・box office：（映画や劇の）チケット売り上げ
　※（劇場・映画館・スタジアムなどの）入場券・チケット売り場で売り場の多くが箱型だったことから。転じて「チケットの売り上げ」や「興行収入」という意味でも使う。

“Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – Infinity Castle” was released on Friday in the U.S. and Canada.
・infinity：無限であること、無限性

Box office figures show it grossed an estimated 70 million dollars in the first three days.
・gross ～：～の総売り上げを記録する

“Ten out of 10. Amazing movie, by the way. Amazing movie, perfect score. Amazing, not gonna lie, like, from beginning to end, just like the story, everything.”
・A out of B：Bの中のA
・not gonna lie：「うそはつかないよ」→ 「正直言って、いやマジで、ぶっちゃけ」のようなニュアンス
　※近年ＳＮＳや若者の間でよく使われるはやり言葉。大きな意味を持たない場合にも頻繁に使われる表現で、ＳＮＳではよくNGL（ngl）と略される。
・just like the story：GPT欄参照

U.S. media say the movie shattered the previous opening weekend record for a Japanese animated film.
・shatter：打ち砕く、打ち破る

That was 31 million dollars set by “Pokemon: The First Movie – Mewtwo Strikes Back” in 1999.
・strike back：やり返す、逆襲する

“Demon Slayer” is based on a manga series about a boy who battles demons in Japan about a century ago.

The movie, the first in a planned trilogy, was also a smash hit in Japan when it was released in July.

サンマ水揚げ好調 想定外の事態も

< 見出し>JAPAN PORT STRUGGLES WITH BIG SAURY CATCHES

A port in northern Japan is taking in big hauls of Pacific saury.
・haul：漁獲高、水揚げ [hɔl]
・Pacific saury：サンマ　※sauryだけとの違いについてGPT欄参照

But following poor catches in recent years, fishers are struggling.

Hanasaki in Hokkaido has brought in more of the fish than any other port in the country for the past 15 years.
・bring in ～：～を取り込む、受け入れる

The fishing season started on August 10 and by the end of the month, the take was 4,540 tons.
・take：(名)獲物、収穫（ここでは「水揚げ量、漁獲高」）

That’s more than double the same period last year.

And in the first 12 days of September, the figure came to 6,395 tons.

But a local fisheries cooperative is struggling with high volume one day after another.
・cooperative：協同組合
・one day after another：来る日も来る日も、連日

Poor catches in recent years prompted it to scale down operations.
・prompt A to ～：Aを～へ向かわせる

Local officials say there are shortages of tanks and crushed ice, and it’s difficult to secure trucks to transport the fish to markets and seafood processing facilities.
・secure：確保する

The national saury fishery cooperative association last week limited operations and plans to continue to do so until the end of the month.