Native Camp 文法中級の総まとめ ③ 仮定

2021-06-28

現在 → 未来に起こり得る仮定（直接法）

「もし～だったら・・・しよう（この先実現する可能性がある）」は、直説法となる。
話しているのは未来のこと。

<教材：中級２６, 中級３１>
“If it rains, I will stay home with my son."
“If he keeps trying, he will find a new job."

現在、実現の可能性が低い仮定（ “if" の仮定法過去）

「もし～だったら、・・・だろうな（ほぼ実現しない前提）」の場合は、"if" を使った仮定法過去にする。
話しているのは現在のこと。

<教材：中級２７, 中級３１>
“If I won the lottery, I would buy a property in Japan."
“If the police had enough evidence, they could arrest the suspect."
“If she studied hard, she would be able to become a doctor."
“If he loved her, he would marry her."
“If I had my wallet, I could lend you some money."

過去に実現しなかった仮定（ “if" の仮定法過去完了）

「もし～していたら、・・・していただろうな（過去に起きていたとしても実現しなかった）」の場合は、仮定法過去にする。
話しているのは過去のこと。

<教材：中級４６, 中級５２>
“If the fireman had been late, the girl wouldn’t have been saved."
“If we had missed the bus, we wouldn’t have got/gotten to work on time."
“If they had been invited, they would have gone to the meeting."
“We would have driven more if there had been more gas in the car."

現在、実現の可能性が低い願望（ “I wish" の仮定）

「～だったらいいのになぁ（願望に過ぎない）」の場合は、"I wish" を使った仮定法過去にする。
話しているのは現在のこと。

<教材：中級２８, 中級３１>
“I wish I were an astronaut."
“I wish I had a car."
“I wish I could drink alcohol."
“I wish it were raining today."

実現しなかった過去の後悔（ “I wish" の仮定）

「前に～しておけば良かった（過去の後悔）」の場合は、仮定法過去完了にする。
話しているのは過去のこと。

<教材：中級４９, 中級５２>
“I wish you had told me about that earlier."
“She wishes her father had won the lottery."
“I wish I could have known about his illness earlier."

<教材：中級４９, 中級５２>
“I wish I had known about the new products." = “I should have asked you earlier."
“I wish I had gone to the party with you." = “I should have called you."
“I wish he had made it on time." = “He should have driven faster."

<教材：中級４９, 中級５２>
“If only I had been married to Cameron Diaz."
“If only I had not known the fact that he’s married."

まるで～のよう（ “as if" / “as though" の仮定）

「（実際にはそうではないかもしれないけれど）まるで～のよう」の場合は、as if + 仮定法過去にする。
仮定法部分の時制は、主節部分と同じ時間を表す。

<教材：中級６０, 中級６５>
①"She always daydreams as if she were trying to get away from reality."
①"My parents often treat me as if I were only eight years old."
①"Our neighbors act as if they were rich and they had everything."

②"The police talked to me as if my husband were the primary suspect."
②"I felt as if he were in a dream."
②"He talked as if he knew everything."

「（実際にはそうではないかもしれないけれど）まるで～だったかのよう」の場合は、as if + 仮定法過去完了にする。
仮定法部分の時制は、主節部分より過去表す。

<教材：なし>
①"She looks as if she had been ill."
①"He looks happy as if nothing had occurred."

②"She looked as if she had been ill."
②"She acted as if she had never met me before."